{"id":5846,"date":"2018-02-14T22:03:31","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T18:03:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lycee-amiral-bouvet.ac-reunion.fr\/?page_id=5846"},"modified":"2019-10-28T20:52:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-28T16:52:33","slug":"femmes-de-sciences-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/femmes-de-sciences-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lady Anne Mc Laren"},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ inner_width=\u00a0\u00bb90%\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bb1200px\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.15″ src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2018\/09\/Lady-Anne-Mc-lareen.jpg\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb align_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb 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\nJeunesse et ann\u00e9es de formation<\/u><\/strong>
\nQuatri\u00e8me d\u2019une fratrie de cinq enfants, Anne Mc Laren est n\u00e9e le 26 avril 1927 \u00e0 Londres et passe une partie de son enfance dans le quartier de West End \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de Hyde Park, mais aussi \u00e0 Bodnant (\u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de Tal-y-Cafn, Conway au Pays de Galle) o\u00f9 sa famille poss\u00e9de un domaine de plus de 80 acres dont le jardin d\u00e9pend aujourd\u2019hui du \u00ab National Trust \u00bb.
\nElle est issue d\u2019un milieu ais\u00e9, son p\u00e8re est Lord Aberconway, politicien mais aussi industriel dont le grand p\u00e8re Duncan MacLaren devient Lord Provost d\u2019Edimbourg en 1851. Le grand-p\u00e8re paternel d\u2019Anne, Sir Charles Benjamin Bright MacLaren est avocat, d\u00e9put\u00e9 lib\u00e9ral et 1er baron d\u2019Aberconway en 1911.
\nSa m\u00e8re, originaire de Londres est la fille de Sir Melville Macnaghten qui occupe une position importante \u00e0 Scotland Yard. Femme cultiv\u00e9e, elle accueille de tr\u00e8s nombreux artistes et \u00e9crivains comme les Sitwell et HG Wells.
\nC\u2019est dans le cadre familial qu\u2019elle rencontre, elle aussi, ses figures embl\u00e9matiques de la vie culturelle, ce qui explique qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de sept ans elle auditionne avec succ\u00e8s pour un r\u00f4le d\u2019enfant dans un film tir\u00e9 du roman de HG Wells \u00ab The Shape of Things to come \u00bb \/ \u00ab Les mondes futurs \u00bb.
\nAnne apprend \u00e0 lire de tr\u00e8s bonne heure, bien avant d\u2019aller au jardin d\u2019enfants et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 Gloucester Place et \u00e0 Queens Gate. Cependant, l\u2019entr\u00e9e en guerre en 1939 interrompt sa scolarit\u00e9 \u00e0 Londres, la maison familiale est ferm\u00e9e et la famille se rend dans le domaine familial au Pays de Galles qui accueille des familles et des enfants d\u00e9plac\u00e9s au d\u00e9but de la guerre.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbDomaine de Bodnant au pays de Galles\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.3″ src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2019\/10\/ANNE-MC-LAREN-01.jpg\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500″ alt=\u00a0\u00bbDomaine de Bodnant au 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Son \u00e9ducation est confi\u00e9e au pr\u00eatre de la paroisse, mais elle apprend peu et organise sa propre \u00e9ducation : durant 5 ans, elle suit des cours par correspondance et ne peut quitter le domaine pour des raisons familiales.<\/p>\n

Ayant de r\u00e9elles disposition pour la litt\u00e9rature, elle est aussi passionn\u00e9e par les math\u00e9matiques et la physique\u00a0; en 1944, elle reprend sa scolarit\u00e9 \u00e0 Longstow Hall, une \u00e9cole priv\u00e9e de Cambridge. Elle souhaite poursuivre des \u00e9tudes universitaires en litt\u00e9rature, ce qu\u2019aucune fille de la famille n\u2019avait fait jusque-l\u00e0. Sa m\u00e8re la pousse \u00e0 poursuivre ses \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 Oxford o\u00f9 ses fr\u00e8res mais aussi son p\u00e8re ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9. \u00c0 17 ans, elle entre \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 d\u2019Oxford et est accueillie par ses cousins Arthur et Margaret Gillet qui vivent au nord de la ville. Elle reste 8 ans \u00e0 Oxford poursuivant des \u00e9tudes de biologie notamment. Cette p\u00e9riode est l\u2019une des plus enthousiasmantes pour la jeune fille.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.3″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb 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Formation universitaire, premi\u00e8res recherches<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 la suite de son entretien avec Lynda Grier la directrice du Lady Margaret Hall, Anne obtient une bourse pour poursuivre ses \u00e9tudes : elle est parmi les meilleurs \u00e9l\u00e8ves en zoologie, math\u00e9matiques et physique, et la seule femme dans ces domaines en derni\u00e8re ann\u00e9e.
Elle garde de tr\u00e8s bons souvenirs de ses enseignants et directeurs de recherche comme Alistair Hardy, Harold Pusey et par-dessus tout de ses cours de g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques avec E.B Ford qui ont captiv\u00e9 son imagination : elle est sa premi\u00e8re \u00e9tudiante.
Ayant obtenu son dipl\u00f4me, elle d\u00e9sire poursuivre en tant que chercheur et obtient une bourse d\u2019\u00e9tude pour poursuivre son doctorat ; elle peut poursuivre un projet de \u00ab mini-recherches \u00bb dans un laboratoire de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Londres (UCL) sur \u00ab l\u2019infestation des larves de drosophiles \u00bb
En 1949, elle d\u00e9bute ses recherches de 3e cycle avec Peter Medawar pour directeur de recherches puis avec Kingsley Sander sur les \u00ab virus neurotropes chez la souris \u00bb. Elle obtient son doctorat en 1952 et, la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, \u00e9pouse Donald Michie qui lui poursuit ses recherches de Doctorat \u00e0 UCL et \u00e0 RVC: \u00ab Royal Veterinary College de Camden\/ \u00e9cole v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire (Londres).
C\u2019est parce qu\u2019elle travaille \u00e9troitement avec Donald Michie et John Biggers, que Anne MacLaren \u00e9tend son champ de recherches \u00e0 l\u2019interaction entre les g\u00e8nes et le d\u00e9veloppement.
Durant les ann\u00e9es 1950, ils poursuivent leurs \u00e9tudes et exp\u00e9rimentations sur les souris gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une subvention de la Royal Society et c\u2019est dans ce contexte que sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s les premiers travaux qui sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la recherche sur la FIV et sur la mise au point, bien des ann\u00e9es plus tard, des diagnostiques pr\u00e9nataux. En 1958, une souris na\u00eet in vitro pour la premi\u00e8re fois.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.3″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object 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\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Poursuite de sa carri\u00e8re et reconnaissance internationale<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

En 1959, apr\u00e8s sa s\u00e9paration d\u2019avec Donald Michie dont elle restera tr\u00e8s proche jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur mort lors d\u2019un accident de la route en 2007, Anne MacLaren quitte Londres pour Edimbourg o\u00f9 elle rejoint et travaille avec Conrad Hal Waddington \u00e0 la t\u00eate du \u00ab\u00a0Institute of Animal Genetics\u00a0\u00bb. Elle y reste 15 ans et poursuit ses recherches sur l\u2019immunocontraception, puis, avec Alan Beatty, elle \u00e9largit ses recherches sur la fertilit\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique (\u00e9tude de la transmission des g\u00e8nes).<\/p>\n

Le 9 mai 1967, elle est r\u00e9compens\u00e9e pour ses travaux de la \u00ab Zoological \u00a0Society\u2019s Scientific Medal\u00a0\u00bb de Londres, en reconnaissance de ses recherches sur la physiologie de la reproduction des mammif\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

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Apr\u00e8s 15 ans pass\u00e9s \u00e0 Edimbourg, Anne MacLaren retourne \u00e0 UCL.<\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1970, elle commence un travail exp\u00e9rimental sur les chim\u00e8res biologiques pour \u00e9tudier le lignage cellulaire. Elle devient une sommit\u00e9 mondiale dans ce domaine et publie avec Donald Michie un ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur les \u00ab\u00a0chim\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s son retour \u00e0 UCL, elle occupe la fonction de directrice du \u00ab\u00a0Mammalian Development and Cell biology\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9partement d\u2019UCL \u00e0 Londres. Elle poursuit ses recherches sur la reproduction et la FIV et publie en 1980 un nouvel ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : \u00ab\u00a0Germ Cells and Soma: a new look at an old problem\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la fermeture du MMU en 1992, elle part \u00e0 Cambridge et travaille au \u00ab\u00a0Wellcome Cancer Research Center\u00a0\u00bb qui devient ensuite le \u00ab\u00a0Wellcome Trust\/Cancer Research Gurdon Institute\u00a0\u00bb poursuivant son travail sur les cellules germinales embryonnaires.<\/p>\n

Tout au long de sa carri\u00e8re scientifique, Anne MacLaren a donn\u00e9 de nombreuses conf\u00e9rences et a publi\u00e9 dans de nombreuses revues scientifiques. C\u2019est une scientifique, une femme et une m\u00e8re accomplie qui n\u2019a jamais n\u00e9glig\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9ducation de ses trois enfants, on se souvient d\u2019elle comme d\u2019une m\u00e8re et d\u2019une grand-m\u00e8re d\u00e9vou\u00e9e comme l\u2019indique sa fille Susanne lors d\u2019une interview : \u00ab\u00a0La famille passait en premier. Je ne l\u2019ai jamais entendu dire qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait trop occup\u00e9e pour faire quelque chose pour nous ou pour ses petits enfants\u00a0\u00bb. D\u2019ailleurs, les enfants \u00e9taient souvent pr\u00e9sents au laboratoire de recherches lorsque leur m\u00e8re y travaillait.<\/p>\n

Elle a aussi encourag\u00e9 les jeunes femmes \u00e0 poursuivre des \u00e9tudes et des carri\u00e8res scientifiques.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elle a re\u00e7u de nombreuses r\u00e9compenses :<\/p>\n

1967 : elle re\u00e7oit la \u00ab Zoological \u00a0Society\u2019s Scientific Medal\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

1990 : elle re\u00e7oit la \u00ab\u00a0royal Medal of the Royal Society\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

1993\u00a0: elle devient membre de l\u2019Ordre de l\u2019Empire britannique<\/p>\n

2001\u00a0: elle re\u00e7oit le prix L\u2019Or\u00e9al-Unesco pour les Femmes de sciences<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.3″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb 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Sources :<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anne_Maclaren<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.futuremedecine.com\/doi\/pdf\/102217<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2007\/jul\/10\/uk.obituaries<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ann-Maclaren<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk\/anne-maclaren<\/a><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Jeunesse et ann\u00e9es de formation Quatri\u00e8me d\u2019une fratrie de cinq enfants, Anne Mc Laren est n\u00e9e le 26 avril 1927 \u00e0 Londres et passe une partie de son enfance dans le quartier de West End \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de Hyde Park, mais aussi \u00e0 Bodnant (\u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de Tal-y-Cafn, Conway au Pays de Galle) o\u00f9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3308,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-5846","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3308"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5846"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9501,"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5846\/revisions\/9501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/etab.ac-reunion.fr\/lyc-amiral-bouvet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}